- Pay levels are determined to fit the needs of employees and the control needs of managers.
- Organizations pay what they think is enough to get the person they want. If an employee wants more, he or she complains, demands, or threatens the manager.
- Increases in pay or bonus awards are determined by the manager on an after-the-fact basis.
- As the organization becomes large of complex, conflicts and favoritism result.
| - Fallen short of building corporate values
- Not integrated with other business strategies and systems
- Not produced work environment collaboration or teamwork
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